December 24, 2019

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International Encyclopedia Superior Ensino in Brazil the workmanship Superior Education in Brazil is inserted in a coletnea of the book Histories and memories of the Education in Brazil? Vol III and has as Marlia author Morosini Coast permitted and bacharelada in Social Sciences, mestrado in Educational Sociology, doutorado in Education for the UFRGS and after-doutorado in the LILLAS/Universidade of the Texas. One of the main researchers is considered in if treating to superior education in Brazil. Today its research is come back the specific studies: the Encyclopedia of University Pedagogia; the Glossary of Pedagogia and the project of the International Encyclopedia of Superior Education for the countries of Portuguese language. The text is structuralized since the origin and passes for the evolution of superior education and arrives at the current days. It is divided in three parts: In the first part it has the course as Center of Superior Ensino in Brazil in the periods: Colonial, Imperial and the Old Republic. Since the settling until the Republic, this type of education was priority of the government central office. With the arrival of superior the Real family it only is that they had been created first the course in the country that was characterized as: isolated courses (professionalizing) and directed courses the area of the medicine, engineering, right, agriculture and arts. The second phase had the University as Center of Superior Ensino in Brazil: Republican period. This stage is characterized by: attempts of democratization ahead to the discriminatory laws; redemocratizao of the nation through the quarrel of models of University that has as consequncia the University Reformation. In the third part the Internationalization of Superior Ensino happens, has seen that, in the decade of 90 the international context passed for innumerable vises of superior education, where the perspective of the State-Nation is being exceeded for the expectation of the internationalization. The author obtained to fulfill with its objective, to divulge the origin and the evolution of Superior Ensino in Brazil, that still starts in colonial period it reaches the current days. It shows through research with wealth of details the transformations that had come to contribute for the consolidation of the Superior Education in our country.
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System Company IBM was established on 15 June 1911 in Binghamton (USA) as a result of the merger maintained by Charles R. Flint of your company, the Tabulating Machine Company (founded by Herman Hollerith in 1896), with Computing Scale Corporation and International Time Recording Company. The company formed from the merger was called Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation (CTR), but the February 14, 1924 CTR changed its name to International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), says that due to a kind of joke, as the leader sector company cash registers "National". CTR companies from a wide range of manufactured products, from control systems to automated equipment used for cutting meat. They also manufacture equipment for the management of perforated cards, which would be a key element of future computers. Over time, CTR would focus on these teams and would set aside the manufacture of other products.During World War II, IBM began research in the field of computing. In 1944 he finished building the computer-Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, also known as Mark I. The Mark I was the first machine capable of performing complex calculations automatically, and was based on electromechanical switches. In 1952, IBM created the IBM 701, the first large computer based on vacuum tube technology, which replaced the electromagnetically switches. In 1959, transistors began to replace vacuum tubes. One of the first computers based on transistors, IBM was the IBM 7090. Until that time, computers were used mainly in research institutions and government, but the performance improvement achieved with valves and especially with transistors, led some companies to start using it.The first storage system based on disk, called RAMAC, and FORTRAN programming language was created by IBM in 1957. The RAMAC is the predecessor of current hard disks and was composed of fifty disks internally. In the early 1960s, IBM began to change in a company dedicated exclusively to information technology, gradually leaving the manufacturing equipment for punch cards and typewriters. The latter started manufacturing the mid-1930s. On 7 April 1964, IBM released the System/360, the first computer architecture that enabled the exchange of software and peripherals between the various equipment components of the architecture, in contrast to what existed before, in which each team was a closed box incompatible with others. The order to create this architecture manager went directly from IBM at the time, Thomas J. Watson, Jr..The development of the System/360 was so expensive that virtually bankrupted IBM, but was such a success by launching new admissions and the leadership that IBM got its competitors will recoup all expenses. Such was the success of IBM in the mid-1960s that led to the company being investigated by monopoly. In fact, had a trial, which began in 1969, which was accused of trying to monopolize the market for general-purpose electronic devices, specifically the business computer market. The trial continued until 1983 and had great impact on company practices. During the 1970s, IBM continued to create new computing devices. In 1971 created the floppy and soon began marketing...

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